Web3.js API 示例

Web3 API 参考指南

@solana/web3.js 库是一个涵盖 Solana JSON RPC API的包。

你可以在这里找到 @solana/web3.js 库的完整文档。

通用

连接

源文档

Connection连接用于与 Solana JSON RPC 交互。你可以使用 Connection 来确认交易、获取账户信息等。

你可以通过定义 JSON RPC 集群端点和所需的确认级别来创建连接。完成后，你可以使用这个连接对象与任何 Solana JSON RPC API 进行交互。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let slot = await connection.getSlot();
console.log(slot);
// 93186439
 
let blockTime = await connection.getBlockTime(slot);
console.log(blockTime);
// 1630747045
 
let block = await connection.getBlock(slot);
console.log(block);
 
/*
{
    blockHeight: null,
    blockTime: 1630747045,
    blockhash: 'AsFv1aV5DGip9YJHHqVjrGg6EKk55xuyxn2HeiN9xQyn',
    parentSlot: 93186438,
    previousBlockhash: '11111111111111111111111111111111',
    rewards: [],
    transactions: []
}
*/
 
let slotLeader = await connection.getSlotLeader();
console.log(slotLeader);
//49AqLYbpJYc2DrzGUAH1fhWJy62yxBxpLEkfJwjKy2jr

上面的示例仅展示了 Connection 的一些方法。请参阅源生成文档以获取完整列表。

交易

源文档

Transaction交易用于与 Solana 区块链上的程序交互。这些交易由 TransactionInstructions 构成，包含所有可能交互的账户以及任何所需的数据或程序地址。每个 TransactionInstruction 包含键、数据和 programId。你可以在单个交易中进行多个指令，同时与多个程序交互。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const nacl = require("tweetnacl");
 
// 为付款账户空投sol
let payer = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  payer.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
let toAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
// 创建一个简单的交易
let transaction = new web3.Transaction();
 
// 加入一个指令操作
transaction.add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
 
// 发送和确认交易
// 注意：如果未设置参数，feePayer 默认为第一个签名者或付款人
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [payer]);
 
// 或者，手动构建交易
let recentBlockhash = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
let manualTransaction = new web3.Transaction({
  recentBlockhash: recentBlockhash.blockhash,
  feePayer: payer.publicKey,
});
manualTransaction.add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
 
let transactionBuffer = manualTransaction.serializeMessage();
let signature = nacl.sign.detached(transactionBuffer, payer.secretKey);
 
manualTransaction.addSignature(payer.publicKey, signature);
 
let isVerifiedSignature = manualTransaction.verifySignatures();
console.log(`The signatures were verified: ${isVerifiedSignature}`);
 
// 签名已验证为：true
 
let rawTransaction = manualTransaction.serialize();
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmRawTransaction(connection, rawTransaction);

密钥对

源文档

Keypair密钥对用于在 Solana 上创建一个具有公钥和私钥的账户。你可以生成一个新的密钥对，从种子生成，或从私钥创建。

示例用法

const { Keypair } = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let account = Keypair.generate();
 
console.log(account.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(account.secretKey);
 
// 2DVaHtcdTf7cm18Zm9VV8rKK4oSnjmTkKE6MiXe18Qsb
// Uint8Array(64) [
//   152,  43, 116, 211, 207,  41, 220,  33, 193, 168, 118,
//    24, 176,  83, 206, 132,  47, 194,   2, 203, 186, 131,
//   197, 228, 156, 170, 154,  41,  56,  76, 159, 124,  18,
//    14, 247,  32, 210,  51, 102,  41,  43,  21,  12, 170,
//   166, 210, 195, 188,  60, 220, 210,  96, 136, 158,   6,
//   205, 189, 165, 112,  32, 200, 116, 164, 234
// ]
 
let seed = Uint8Array.from([
  70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70,
  60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100, 70, 60, 102, 100,
]);
let accountFromSeed = Keypair.fromSeed(seed);
 
console.log(accountFromSeed.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(accountFromSeed.secretKey);
 
// 3LDverZtSC9Duw2wyGC1C38atMG49toPNW9jtGJiw9Ar
// Uint8Array(64) [
//    70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102,
//   100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60,
//   102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  70,  60, 102, 100,  34,
//   164,   6,  12,   9, 193, 196,  30, 148, 122, 175,  11,
//    28, 243, 209,  82, 240, 184,  30,  31,  56, 223, 236,
//   227,  60,  72, 215,  47, 208, 209, 162,  59
// ]
 
let accountFromSecret = Keypair.fromSecretKey(account.secretKey);
 
console.log(accountFromSecret.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log(accountFromSecret.secretKey);
 
// 2DVaHtcdTf7cm18Zm9VV8rKK4oSnjmTkKE6MiXe18Qsb
// Uint8Array(64) [
//   152,  43, 116, 211, 207,  41, 220,  33, 193, 168, 118,
//    24, 176,  83, 206, 132,  47, 194,   2, 203, 186, 131,
//   197, 228, 156, 170, 154,  41,  56,  76, 159, 124,  18,
//    14, 247,  32, 210,  51, 102,  41,  43,  21,  12, 170,
//   166, 210, 195, 188,  60, 220, 210,  96, 136, 158,   6,
//   205, 189, 165, 112,  32, 200, 116, 164, 234
// ]

使用 generate 可以生成一个用于在 Solana 上作为账户的随机密钥对。使用 fromSeed，你可以使用确定性构造函数生成一个密钥对。fromSecret 则从一个秘密的 Uint8Array 创建一个密钥对。你可以看到，生成的密钥对和 fromSecret 密钥对的公钥是相同的，因为生成的密钥对的私钥被用在 fromSecret 中。

警告：除非你正在创建一个高熵种子，否则不要使用 fromSeed。不要共享你的种子。像对待私钥一样对待你的种子。

公钥

源文档

PublicKey公钥在 @solana/web3.js 中的交易、密钥对和程序中使用。列出交易中的每个账户时，以及作为 Solana 上的通用标识符时，需要 publickey。

可以使用 base58 编码字符串、缓冲区、Uint8Array、数字和数字数组来创建公钥。

示例用法

const { Buffer } = require("buffer");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const crypto = require("crypto");
 
// 用base58编码的字符串生成应该公钥
let base58publicKey = new web3.PublicKey(
  "5xot9PVkphiX2adznghwrAuxGs2zeWisNSxMW6hU6Hkj",
);
console.log(base58publicKey.toBase58());
 
// 5xot9PVkphiX2adznghwrAuxGs2zeWisNSxMW6hU6Hkj
 
// 创建一个程序地址
let highEntropyBuffer = crypto.randomBytes(31);
let programAddressFromKey = await web3.PublicKey.createProgramAddress(
  [highEntropyBuffer.slice(0, 31)],
  base58publicKey,
);
console.log(`Generated Program Address: ${programAddressFromKey.toBase58()}`);
 
// 生成的程序地址: 3thxPEEz4EDWHNxo1LpEpsAxZryPAHyvNVXJEJWgBgwJ
 
// 用公钥找到程序地址
let validProgramAddress = await web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
  [Buffer.from("", "utf8")],
  programAddressFromKey,
);
console.log(`Valid Program Address: ${validProgramAddress}`);
 
// 合法的地址: C14Gs3oyeXbASzwUpqSymCKpEyccfEuSe8VRar9vJQRE,253

系统程序

源文档

SystemProgram系统程序允许创建账户、分配账户数据、将账户分配给程序、处理 nonce 账户以及转移 lamports。你可以使用 SystemInstruction 类来帮助解码和读取单个指令。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
// 为付款账户空投sol
let payer = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  payer.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// 分配账户数据
let allocatedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let allocateInstruction = web3.SystemProgram.allocate({
  accountPubkey: allocatedAccount.publicKey,
  space: 100,
});
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(allocateInstruction);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  payer,
  allocatedAccount,
]);
 
// 创建 Nonce 账户
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let minimumAmountForNonceAccount =
  await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH);
let createNonceAccountTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    lamports: minimumAmountForNonceAccount,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(
  connection,
  createNonceAccountTransaction,
  [payer, nonceAccount],
);
 
// Advance nonce - 用于作为账户托管人创建交易
let advanceNonceTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.nonceAdvance({
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: payer.publicKey,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, advanceNonceTransaction, [
  payer,
]);
 
// 在这些账户里转移lamports
let toAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let transferTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
    toPubkey: toAccount.publicKey,
    lamports: 1000,
  }),
);
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transferTransaction, [payer]);
 
// 将新帐户分配给程序
let programId = web3.Keypair.generate();
let assignedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let assignTransaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.assign({
    accountPubkey: assignedAccount.publicKey,
    programId: programId.publicKey,
  }),
);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, assignTransaction, [
  payer,
  assignedAccount,
]);

Secp256k1程序

源文档

Secp256k1程序用于验证 Secp256k1 签名，这些签名被比特币和以太坊使用。

示例用法

const { keccak_256 } = require("js-sha3");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
const secp256k1 = require("secp256k1");
 
// secp256k1生成以太坊账户
let secp256k1PrivateKey;
do {
  secp256k1PrivateKey = web3.Keypair.generate().secretKey.slice(0, 32);
} while (!secp256k1.privateKeyVerify(secp256k1PrivateKey));
 
let secp256k1PublicKey = secp256k1
  .publicKeyCreate(secp256k1PrivateKey, false)
  .slice(1);
 
let ethAddress =
  web3.Secp256k1Program.publicKeyToEthAddress(secp256k1PublicKey);
console.log(`Ethereum Address: 0x${ethAddress.toString("hex")}`);
 
// 以太坊账户地址: 0xadbf43eec40694eacf36e34bb5337fba6a2aa8ee
 
// 资助密钥对以创建指令
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// 使用以太坊密钥签署消息
let plaintext = Buffer.from("string address");
let plaintextHash = Buffer.from(keccak_256.update(plaintext).digest());
let { signature, recid: recoveryId } = secp256k1.ecdsaSign(
  plaintextHash,
  secp256k1PrivateKey,
);
 
// 创建交易验证签名
let transaction = new Transaction().add(
  web3.Secp256k1Program.createInstructionWithEthAddress({
    ethAddress: ethAddress.toString("hex"),
    plaintext,
    signature,
    recoveryId,
  }),
);
 
// 如果消息被验证是由该地址签名的，则交易将成功
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromPublicKey]);

消息

源文档

Message消息是构建交易的另一种方式。你可以使用交易的一部分账户、头、指令和 recentBlockhash 来构建消息。一个交易是一个消息加上执行交易所需的签名列表。

示例用法

const { Buffer } = require("buffer");
const bs58 = require("bs58");
const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let toPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate().publicKey;
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
let type = web3.SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS.Transfer;
let data = Buffer.alloc(type.layout.span);
let layoutFields = Object.assign({ instruction: type.index });
type.layout.encode(layoutFields, data);
 
let recentBlockhash = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
 
let messageParams = {
  accountKeys: [
    fromPublicKey.publicKey.toString(),
    toPublicKey.toString(),
    web3.SystemProgram.programId.toString(),
  ],
  header: {
    numReadonlySignedAccounts: 0,
    numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: 1,
    numRequiredSignatures: 1,
  },
  instructions: [
    {
      accounts: [0, 1],
      data: bs58.encode(data),
      programIdIndex: 2,
    },
  ],
  recentBlockhash,
};
 
let message = new web3.Message(messageParams);
 
let transaction = web3.Transaction.populate(message, [
  fromPublicKey.publicKey.toString(),
]);
 
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [fromPublicKey]);

结构体

源文档

Struct结构体类用于在 JavaScript 中创建与 Rust 兼容的结构体。该类仅兼容 Borsh 编码的 Rust 结构体。

示例用法

Rust中的结构体:

rust

pub struct Fee {
    pub denominator: u64,
    pub numerator: u64,
}

使用web3js:

import BN from "bn.js";
import { Struct } from "@solana/web3.js";
 
export class Fee extends Struct {
  denominator: BN;
  numerator: BN;
}

枚举

源文档

Enum枚举类用于在 JavaScript 中表示与 Rust 兼容的枚举。枚举在日志中将只是一个字符串表示，但当与结构体一起使用时，可以正确编码/解码。该类仅兼容 Borsh 编码的 Rust 枚举。

示例用法

Rust:

rust

pub enum AccountType {
    Uninitialized,
    StakePool,
    ValidatorList,
}

Web3:

import { Enum } from "@solana/web3.js";
 
export class AccountType extends Enum {}

Nonce账户

源文档

如果交易的 recentBlockhash 字段太旧，通常会被拒绝。为了提供某些托管服务，使用了 NonceAccount Nonce账户。使用 Nonce 账户在链上捕获的 recentBlockhash 的交易只要 Nonce 账户不被推进就不会过期。

你可以先创建一个普通账户，然后使用 SystemProgram 将其变为 Nonce 账户来创建一个 nonce 账户。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
// 创建连接
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
// 生成地址
let account = web3.Keypair.generate();
let nonceAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
 
// 存入账户
let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  account.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
 
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });
 
// 获得租金减免的最低金额
let minimumAmount = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
  web3.NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH,
);
 
// 形成CreateNonceAccount交易
let transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(
  web3.SystemProgram.createNonceAccount({
    fromPubkey: account.publicKey,
    noncePubkey: nonceAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedPubkey: account.publicKey,
    lamports: minimumAmount,
  }),
);
// 生成 Nonce 账户
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [
  account,
  nonceAccount,
]);
 
let nonceAccountData = await connection.getNonce(
  nonceAccount.publicKey,
  "confirmed",
);
 
console.log(nonceAccountData);
// NonceAccount {
//   authorizedPubkey: PublicKey {
//     _bn: <BN: 919981a5497e8f85c805547439ae59f607ea625b86b1138ea6e41a68ab8ee038>
//   },
//   nonce: '93zGZbhMmReyz4YHXjt2gHsvu5tjARsyukxD4xnaWaBq',
//   feeCalculator: { lamportsPerSignature: 5000 }
// }
 
let nonceAccountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(
  nonceAccount.publicKey,
  "confirmed",
);
 
let nonceAccountFromInfo = web3.NonceAccount.fromAccountData(
  nonceAccountInfo.data,
);
 
console.log(nonceAccountFromInfo);
// NonceAccount {
//   authorizedPubkey: PublicKey {
//     _bn: <BN: 919981a5497e8f85c805547439ae59f607ea625b86b1138ea6e41a68ab8ee038>
//   },
//   nonce: '93zGZbhMmReyz4YHXjt2gHsvu5tjARsyukxD4xnaWaBq',
//   feeCalculator: { lamportsPerSignature: 5000 }
// }

上面的示例展示了如何使用 SystemProgram.createNonceAccount 创建一个 NonceAccount，以及如何从 accountInfo 中检索 Nonce账户。使用 nonce，你可以离线创建带有 nonce 的交易以取代 recentBlockhash。

投票账户

源文档

Vote Account投票账户对象提供了解码网络上本地投票账户程序的投票账户的功能。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let voteAccountInfo = await connection.getProgramAccounts(web3.VOTE_PROGRAM_ID);
let voteAccountFromData = web3.VoteAccount.fromAccountData(
  voteAccountInfo[0].account.data,
);
console.log(voteAccountFromData);
/*
VoteAccount {
  nodePubkey: PublicKey {
    _bn: <BN: cf1c635246d4a2ebce7b96bf9f44cacd7feed5552be3c714d8813c46c7e5ec02>
  },
  authorizedWithdrawer: PublicKey {
    _bn: <BN: b76ae0caa56f2b9906a37f1b2d4f8c9d2a74c1420cd9eebe99920b364d5cde54>
  },
  commission: 10,
  rootSlot: 104570885,
  votes: [
    { slot: 104570886, confirmationCount: 31 },
    { slot: 104570887, confirmationCount: 30 },
    { slot: 104570888, confirmationCount: 29 },
    { slot: 104570889, confirmationCount: 28 },
    { slot: 104570890, confirmationCount: 27 },
    { slot: 104570891, confirmationCount: 26 },
    { slot: 104570892, confirmationCount: 25 },
    { slot: 104570893, confirmationCount: 24 },
    { slot: 104570894, confirmationCount: 23 },
    ...
  ],
  authorizedVoters: [ { epoch: 242, authorizedVoter: [PublicKey] } ],
  priorVoters: [
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object], [Object],
      [Object], [Object]
   ],
  epochCredits: [
    { epoch: 179, credits: 33723163, prevCredits: 33431259 },
    { epoch: 180, credits: 34022643, prevCredits: 33723163 },
    { epoch: 181, credits: 34331103, prevCredits: 34022643 },
    { epoch: 182, credits: 34619348, prevCredits: 34331103 },
    { epoch: 183, credits: 34880375, prevCredits: 34619348 },
    { epoch: 184, credits: 35074055, prevCredits: 34880375 },
    { epoch: 185, credits: 35254965, prevCredits: 35074055 },
    { epoch: 186, credits: 35437863, prevCredits: 35254965 },
    { epoch: 187, credits: 35672671, prevCredits: 35437863 },
    { epoch: 188, credits: 35950286, prevCredits: 35672671 },
    { epoch: 189, credits: 36228439, prevCredits: 35950286 },
    ...
  ],
  lastTimestamp: { slot: 104570916, timestamp: 1635730116 }
}
*/

质押

质押程序

源文档

StakeProgram质押程序便于质押 SOL 并将其委托给网络上的任何验证节点。你可以使用质押程序创建一个质押账户，质押一些 SOL，授权账户提取你的质押，停用你的质押并提取你的资金。StakeInstruction 类用于解码和读取调用质押程序的交易中的更多指令。

示例用法

const web3 = require("@solana/web3.js");

// 为创建交易的密钥提供资金
let fromPublicKey = web3.Keypair.generate();
let connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

let airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
  fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
);
await connection.confirmTransaction({ signature: airdropSignature });

// 创建账户
let stakeAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
let authorizedAccount = web3.Keypair.generate();
/* 注意：这是质押账户的最低金额 -- 添加额外的 Lamports 用于质押
    例如，我们添加 50 个 lamports 作为质押的一部分 */
let lamportsForStakeAccount =
  (await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
    web3.StakeProgram.space,
  )) + 50;

let createAccountTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  authorized: new web3.Authorized(
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
    authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  ),
  lamports: lamportsForStakeAccount,
  lockup: new web3.Lockup(0, 0, fromPublicKey.publicKey),
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, createAccountTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  stakeAccount,
]);

// 检查质押是否可用
let stakeBalance = await connection.getBalance(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake balance: ${stakeBalance}`);
// 质押余额: 2282930

// 我们可以验证质押的状态。这可能需要一些时间才能激活
let stakeState = await connection.getStakeActivation(stakeAccount.publicKey);
console.log(`Stake state: ${stakeState.state}`);
// 质押状态: inactive

// 为了委托我们的质押，我们获取当前的投票账户并选择第一个
let voteAccounts = await connection.getVoteAccounts();
let voteAccount = voteAccounts.current.concat(voteAccounts.delinquent)[0];
let votePubkey = new web3.PublicKey(voteAccount.votePubkey);

// 然后我们可以将我们的质押委托给投票账户
let delegateTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.delegate({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  votePubkey: votePubkey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, delegateTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);

// 要提取我们的资金，我们首先必须停用质押
let deactivateTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.deactivate({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
});
await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, deactivateTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);

// 一旦停用，我们可以提取资金
let withdrawTransaction = web3.StakeProgram.withdraw({
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
  authorizedPubkey: authorizedAccount.publicKey,
  toPubkey: fromPublicKey.publicKey,
  lamports: stakeBalance,
});

await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, withdrawTransaction, [
  fromPublicKey,
  authorizedAccount,
]);

授权者

源文档

Authorized授权者是一个对象，用于在 Solana 内部创建一个授权账户进行质押时使用。你可以分别指定质押者和提取者，允许不同的账户提取，而不是质押者。

你可以在质押程序下找到更多 授权者对象的用法。

锁定

源文档

Lockup锁定与 StakeProgram 一起使用来创建一个账户。用于确定质押将被锁定或无法提取的时间。如果 epoch 和 Unix 时间戳都设置为 0，则该账户的锁定将被禁用。

示例用法

const {
  Authorized,
  Keypair,
  Lockup,
  StakeProgram,
} = require("@solana/web3.js");
 
let account = Keypair.generate();
let stakeAccount = Keypair.generate();
let authorized = new Authorized(account.publicKey, account.publicKey);
let lockup = new Lockup(0, 0, account.publicKey);
 
let createStakeAccountInstruction = StakeProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: account.publicKey,
  authorized: authorized,
  lamports: 1000,
  lockup: lockup,
  stakePubkey: stakeAccount.publicKey,
});

上面的代码创建了一个 createStakeAccountInstruction，用于在创建 质押程序 的账户时使用。epoch 和 Unix 时间戳都设置为 0，禁用该账户的锁定。

有关更多信息，请参阅质押程序。

Web3.js API 示例 ​

Web3 API 参考指南 ​

通用 ​

连接 ​

示例用法 ​

交易 ​

示例用法 ​

密钥对 ​

示例用法 ​

公钥 ​

示例用法 ​

系统程序 ​

示例用法 ​

Secp256k1程序 ​

示例用法 ​

消息 ​

示例用法 ​

结构体 ​

示例用法 ​

枚举 ​

示例用法 ​

Nonce账户 ​

示例用法 ​

投票账户 ​

示例用法 ​

质押 ​

质押程序 ​

示例用法 ​

授权者 ​

锁定 ​

示例用法 ​

Web3.js API 示例

Web3 API 参考指南

通用

连接

示例用法

交易

示例用法

密钥对

示例用法

公钥

示例用法

系统程序

示例用法

Secp256k1程序

示例用法

消息

示例用法

结构体

示例用法

枚举

示例用法

Nonce账户

示例用法

投票账户

示例用法

质押

质押程序

示例用法

授权者

锁定

示例用法